The Turkish Akhal Teke - often called "the most beautiful horse in the world", due to its amazing, almost iridescent coat.
The History And Origin Of The Akhal Teke
https://www.akhalteke.com.au/the-breed
(excerpt from the free link, above)
There is conjecture over the pronunciation of Akhal Teke. Some prefer A-hal (where the “k” is silent) while in the US, many pronounce it A-Kal to rhyme with jackal. Teke is pronounced Te-kee. Akhal Tekes are believed to be one of the oldest horse breeds in the world, some say the precursor to both the Thoroughbred and Arabian. Ancestors of the breed may date back to animals living more than 3,000 years ago, known as the Nisean horse.
The precise ancestry is difficult to trace due to a lack of records, and that prior to around 1600AD horse breeds in the modern sense did not exist; rather, horses were identified by local strain or type. According to one theory of origin, the Akhal Teke were kept hidden by tribesmen in the area where the breed first appeared, the Turkmenistan desert Kara Kum, which is a rocky flat desert, surrounded by Kopet Dag mountains on the border or Iran and Russia. Horses were prized and often stolen by enemies, hence the secrecy.
“The Akhal Teke is one of the oldest horse breeds in the world. It represents the purest version of the Turkmen horse and is a direct descendant of the famed Central Asian mounts of antiquity: the horses of the Massagetae, the Niseans, and the Parthians.”
The Akhal Teke breed has not changed in conformation for many centuries. Throughout its history the Akhal Teke has been pure bred, and due to war and conflict, remains a rare and endangered breed with less than 7,000 horses world wide.The Turkmen considered their horses members of the family and kept strict oral records of their breeding. A solitary life with humans is in their blood, as nomadic tribes in Turkmenistan would tether a single stallion to their tent as the mare and foal ran free.
It is believed Genghis Khan and his armies rode Akhal Tekes across Asia and Europe, as did Alexander the Great. Prior to the Russian occupation of 1917, nearly every Turkmen family owned at least one or two horses, but in an effort to stifle all opposition, Turkmen were separated from their horses. The Russians considered the horses as a main tool of rebellion. Private ownership ended, and the horses were placed in State-owned stud farms.
The breed further suffered when the Soviet Union required horses to be slaughtered to feed the Russian people in the 1960s and 70s. Local Turkmen refused to eat them and some people released their beloved horses into the Kara Kum desert to save them. At the beginning of 1970 there were only 200 breeding mares in Turkmenistan.
Upon achieving independence in 1991, the government of Turkmenistan defined horse breeding as a nationalistic concern and art form. The Akhal Teke has been declared a national treasure and its image graces the State Seal of the country. Turkmenistan has banned their export. They may only leave as a gift to the Head of another State.